Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim kho thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws, kev xaiv cov khoom nruab nrab ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom kawg. Tau ntsib nrog ntau yam nruab nrab thiab hloov pauv txoj kev thev naus laus zis tas li, txoj hauv kev xaiv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev qhia kom meej cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, ntsuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov molecular, cov txheej txheem sib txuam, thiab txiav txim siab cov hom phiaj kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, yog li tsim qhov kaw - voj kev txiav txim siab - ua txheej txheem los ntawm molecular tsim rau industrialization.
Ua ntej, rov qab derivation yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kawg. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog, tiv thaiv tshav kub, tshuaj lom neeg tsis kam, hluav taws xob, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog dominated los ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm intermediates. Piv txwv li, thaum npaj siab -kub resistant engineering plastics, intermediates uas qhia rigid aromatic rings los yog heterocyclic qauv rau hauv cov saw molecular yuav tsum tau ua ntej los txhim kho lub iav hloov kub thiab seem stability. Yog tias cov khoom siv lub hom phiaj xav tau cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab lossis UV tsis kam, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm sib raug zoo yuav tsum tau ua ntej - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Kom meej meej txhais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo yuav pab txo qis tus neeg sib tw ua ke thiab txhim kho kev xaiv kev ua tau zoo. Qhov thib ob, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub cev nrog cov txheej txheem yuav tsum raug ntsuas. Qhov no suav nrog reactivity, stability, solubility, melting lossis boiling point, viscosity, thiab compatibility nrog cov khoom siv. Reactive intermediates muaj peev xwm ua kom yooj yim synthesis cov kauj ruam tab sis muaj kev kam rau siab rau qhov kub, av noo, thiab impurities, yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nruj tswj kaw systems. Thermosensitive intermediates yuav tsum tau qis -kub los yog luv luv - lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob, muaj peev xwm nce cov cuab yeej peev thiab kev siv zog. Rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau loj- teev tas mus li ntau lawm, cov synthesis yield, byproduct tsim, thiab sib cais thiab purification nyuaj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los xyuas kom meej economic kev vam meej thiab batch sib xws.
Thirdly, kev muaj cov khoom siv raw thiab cov saw hlau ruaj khov yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Tus nqi thiab cov khoom siv roj av-raws li cov khoom nruab nrab muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam roj av thoob ntiaj teb, thaum bio-raws li lossis txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab cov pa roj carbon hneev taw, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj kev txwv hauv kev ua kom huv thiab loj - kev tsim khoom loj. Kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov nqi raw khoom, lub vojvoog tsheb thauj mus los, cov khoom tsim nyog, thiab lub peev xwm cia yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov khoom siv.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb nce ntxiv hauv cov kev xaiv niaj hnub no. Cov khoom nruab nrab uas tsis tshua muaj toxicity, tsis tshua muaj volatility, tsis yog-flammable thiab non-explosive, thiab biodegradable yuav tsum tau ua qhov tseem ceeb los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab xaus- ntawm- yeeb nkab kho pressures. Ib txhij, kev lag luam atom ntawm txoj kev siv hluavtaws, kev siv hnyav, thiab kev tsim pov tseg yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab; xaiv ib txoj kev ntsuab hluavtaws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam duab.
Thaum kawg, kev loj hlob ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab kev loj hlob kuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab-. Cov neeg nruab nrab uas ua tau zoo hauv chav kuaj yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj yog tias lawv ntsib teeb meem xws li kev poob qis, tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg, lossis cov khoom siv corrosion thaum lub sij hawm teev - nce ntau lawm. Cov teeb meem kev lag luam uas twb muaj lawm, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj patent, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tsav tsheb- nplai rau ntau lawm.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev xaiv cov khoom nruab nrab rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm uas ua ke nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov molecular, cov txheej txheem sib txuam, cov khoom siv raw, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab thev naus laus zis. Tsim kom muaj txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb thiab ntau tus qauv - ntsuas qhov hnyav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo ntawm cov kev xaiv nyuaj, tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho kev vam meej thiab kev tsim cov khoom zoo ntawm - cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo.